Timber. Pre-fab. Affordable. Medium density. These are the sustainability buzzwords repeating in The Fifth Estate residential articles at the moment, and Australand has put all four together with its recently constructed The Green apartment complex in Parkville, Melbourne. And what’s more, it’s saving 25 per cent on construction costs, which Australand says could lead to more medium-density housing in middle and outer suburbs where concrete construction is currently not economically viable.
The 57-unit, 5100 square metre apartment, the first five-storey timber-framed building in Australia, was built by Australand in conjunction with Citta Property Group, using a process they have developed called “hybrid construction”. This process, currently used on around 50 per cent of Australand’s medium density houses and apartments, employs tradesman that typically build houses in the suburbs who have been trained in commercial disciplines such as onsite management, procurement, programming and safety, rather than engaging a full commercial operation.
It also utilises a range of prefabricated parts, including flooring cassettes, wall panels and roof trusses. The building was constructed in layers, with the floor of each level “dropped in” by crane using prefabricated flooring cassettes while the internal walls were simultaneously installed. An advantage was that within 24 hours, workers could start putting in the services, and the prefabricated walling systems were able to be installed concurrently as the levels above were being completed.
The revolutionary return of timber
The structure of the building is all timber, with Australand and Citta saying the hybrid construction process would allow timber’s “revolutionary return as a construction material for big buildings”.
- See our article Timber: the next evolution in construction
This has led to a massive reduction in materials used, and weight. While the basement and suspended slab use around 400 cubic metres of concrete, the rest of the building structure – the walls and floors of the other five levels – uses only 500 cubic metres of timber all up, 70 per cent of which has been locally sourced and certified.
Australand believes this minimisation and local use of materials will amount to a significant reduction in embodied energy compared with a baseline of typical concrete construction. In fact, according to Australand sustainability manager Paolo Bevilacqua, RMIT has been engaged to perform a lifecycle analysis of the building, with results expected later this month.
The economics work out
Along with the sustainability benefits are some solid economic outcomes.
The aim of the hybrid construction process has been to deliver apartments in the price range of “middle Australia”, Australand says, with some big savings being realised.
“We are saving on average, on a per apartment basis, up to 25 per cent on built costs over conventional concrete,” Australand estimating manager Kase Jong said.
Time savings have been a big driver of cost reduction, and while the building had a 12-month build program, the actual timber structure construction time was 12 weeks, which included the roof trusses and all the flooring cassettes.
According to Mr Jong, the hybrid construction process shaved a week off each floor’s build time, meaning the building was completed a month earlier than a business as usual approach.
According to Craig Muse, Australand development director – built form, labour and material costs were also a factor, with the method of construction taking full advantage of domestic labour and supply chains, which produced “more cost effective building developments for large-scale residential projects”.
“In particular the light-weight prefabricated timber framing and floor cassette system is a fast and safe method of structural erection that results in a significant reduction in construction programming, and lowers overall development costs.”
A 10-year project for more affordable, denser buildings
“Creating affordable, denser buildings that become viable in the middle and outer suburbs is something Australand has been working on for over 10 years now,” Australand general manager, residential Victoria Robert Pradolin told The Fifth Estate. “The cost savings allow medium rise apartment developments in the suburbs to be offered at a price that middle Australia is able to afford.”
Creating new industry opportunities
The construction of five and six storey timber-framed buildings overseas is commonplace, and subcontractors operating in the hybrid construction space there is extensive, leading to a competitive market. In Australia, however, subcontractors able to undertake this type of work is still limited.
Mr Pradolin said this was a great opportunity for domestic trades to up-skill in order to build multi-storey timber apartments safely and efficiently.
“It was definitely a challenge to find the right domestic trades to be able to deliver what we envisioned and it required Australand to commit to ensuring the proper training was undertaken,” Mr Pradolin said.
“These types of new methodologies require a different approach to safety and we believe that once the domestic building industry see the opportunities offered by this type of construction methodology, industry associations such as the [Housing Industry Association] will start to offer appropriate training courses that will see an up-skilling of the domestic trade base in this new sector, increasing competition, and therefore should result in more competitive prices. This should lead to lower construction costs.”
Mr Pradolin said Australand’s approach to safety drove the innovation of the cassette system, which they believe will revolutionise the way this type of housing is delivered into the future. This should also lead to an increase in demand for the product and therefore additional prefab manufacturing jobs.
Other sustainability features
Aside from the carbon and embodied energy savings of timber, the building has some other impressive sustainability features.
High-performance glazing increased the building’s acoustic performance and energy efficiency. An Exsulite-Kooltherm thermal facade system developed jointly by Kingspan Insulation and Dulux AcraTex also played a large part in the energy efficiency of the apartments, which have an average performance rating of 6.2 NatHERS stars, and with the inclusion of a solar PV system will be closer to seven stars.
The Green is located right on Melbourne’s capital city bike trail, and the apartment complex features 48 bicycle racks in a secure enclosure to assist in promoting active transport.
Toilets and laundry fixtures boast 4 Star WELS ratings, while the basin mixers have a WELS rating of 6 Stars.
The building also has high indoor environment air quality, with the extensive use of low VOC paint and E0 rated (formaldehyde emissions of less than 0.5mg/L) skirting and architraves, improving on the current Australian standard of E1.
The concept architect for the project was SJB Architects.
Is the timber used treated to be termite resistant ?
Mathew,
The building underwent a “Fire Engineered Solution” which not only satisfied the codes, but also the MFB
The building achieves a 60 minute rating within apartments & 90 minutes in corridors & Stair access The building has added pre-cautions of a sprinkler system (not required with buildings under 25 meters effective height) The building has an early Occupancy Warning System It is completely compartmentalised (60/60/60) between Sole Occupancy Units (SOU), corridors & Stair access (90/90/90). This assumes all fire sources/fuels within the compartments will completely burn out prior to it affecting the structure of the building
The inclusion of the sprinkler system should significantly reduce the risk of a major fire taking hold
Hope this answers your question
It comes from a Forrest Joanne !
People will eventually catch on that pine plantations are old news, they are the building material of the future. Pine plantations are renewable and carbon negative! Concrete and steel are very carbon positive. Cutting down pine trees is not bad for the environment, they take15 years approx to grow, absorbing carbon each time. People think being ‘green’ is keeping every tree alive… It can be quite the opposite in this case.
Clive, The acoustic performance of the building for intertenancy walls complies with the BCA’s performance requirements. At the time of our building permit assessment, there were no performance standards required for external noise intrusion under the BCA. However, Australand wanted to ensured that an appropriate level of acoustic performance was designed into the building given the proximity to the freeway. Therefore an acoustic design brief was established to comply with Australian Standards for external noise intrusion. E.g. 40db to bedrooms and 45db to living spaces. The design intent was then to exceed the brief’s requirements and Australian Standards. The final performance was confirmed with post construction noise tests undertaken.
Concrete walls and floors tend to spall in a fire and have expensive reconstruction costs. Just ask the Channel Tunnel!
But seriously, the priority is enough separation to get people out alive. Time will tell whether the fire protection systems are good enough. Sprinklers would be a huge plus.
Sounds very good.
1.No doubt it meets acoustic standards, but can you hear occupants above as you can in the older style timber floored apartment blocks.
2. What fire rating does the material have? At least concrete floor/walls will survive high temperatures experienced during a major fire.
Yes. Its pine just as we would use for domestic housing. Plantation timber.
Enjoyed reading your article on building multi storey units in Melbourne. Sounds like a great concept, from building techniques to cost savings and time efficiency.
My question is ‘Where do you get the timber from?’
If this is an environmentally friendly product I presume you use plantation timber?